Conflicts|Uprisings
The First Intifada erupted in 1987 and involved widespread Palestinian protests and civil disobedience against Israeli control, leading to the Oslo peace process.
The First Intifada (1987–1993) was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli control in the West Bank and Gaza. Unlike prior conflicts, the Intifada emerged from the streets: young Palestinians threw stones, organized boycotts, and engaged in civil disobedience, while Israel responded with military crackdowns and mass arrests.
It began in December 1987 after an Israeli truck collided with a group of Palestinians in Gaza, killing four. Rumors that the crash was intentional sparked demonstrations that rapidly spread. The unrest reflected deep frustration over the ongoing Israeli occupation and lack of political progress.
The uprising changed the dynamics of the conflict. For the first time, Palestinians living in the territories—not just exiled leaders—were central actors. The PLO claimed leadership from abroad, while grassroots networks like the Unified National Leadership coordinated activities on the ground.
Israel’s military response, including house demolitions, curfews, and live fire, drew international criticism. The use of mass arrests and administrative detention also fueled accusations of disproportionate force.
The First Intifada revealed the limits of occupation and pressured both sides toward negotiation. It set the stage for secret talks in Oslo, where Israel and the PLO recognized each other and laid the groundwork for limited Palestinian self-rule.
Despite its spontaneous origins, the Intifada became a historic turning point—raising global awareness of the Palestinian issue and showing that demographics and determination could challenge military dominance.
IDF Archive, Palestinian Authority Reports, Israeli Security Agency Records
